Identities of dark matter and dark energy

Determine the particle or field identities of the cosmological components conventionally referred to as dark matter (with equation-of-state parameter w≈0) and dark energy (with w≈−1), consistent with observations such as CMB anisotropies and SN Ia distances, given their continued non-detection.

Background

In reviewing ΛCDM parameters inferred from CMB and SN Ia observations, the paper reiterates that the matter-energy budget requires dominant contributions from dark energy and dark matter. Despite a century of investigation into dark matter and extensive searches for dark energy, their physical natures remain unresolved.

This acknowledged uncertainty motivates alternative approaches, including the temporal-singularity framework proposed in the paper.