Open heterotic strings in compactifications

Investigate open heterotic strings in compactified heterotic theories and characterize their non-perturbative contributions, including Shenker effects arising from Euclidean wrapped objects and broken gauge groups.

Background

The authors argue that compactifications enrich the non-perturbative landscape through wrapped Euclidean objects and gauge symmetry breaking, with evidence from Green and Rudra for 9D HE involving Euclidean worldlines on S^1 with Wilson lines.

They explicitly defer the systematic paper of open heterotic strings in compactified settings to future work.