Multiplicity dependence of the low-SNR fraction beyond single-transiting systems

Determine whether the decline in the low-signal-to-noise-ratio fraction continues systematically from single-transiting systems through increasingly high observed multiplicities in the Kepler catalog.

Background

The paper finds that the fraction of low-SNR detections decreases from singles to doubles, triples, and systems with four or more detected transiting planets. The trend is clear in the ExoMOD false-positive-free simulations, but the observed Kepler sample contains relatively few high-multiplicity systems, making the differences among multis only modestly larger than their counting uncertainties.

The authors therefore state that the observed data suggest, but do not firmly establish, that the monotonic decline extends beyond single-transiting systems. Establishing this trend would clarify whether the multiplicity dependence is a smooth selection effect or whether additional contamination or population differences are needed.

References

On its own, the observed sample therefore suggests, but does not firmly establish, that the decline extends beyond the singles.

— Singles in Disguise: Kepler's Low-SNR Single-Transiting Systems as Incompletely Detected Multis  (2610.22349 - Yahalomi et al., 15 Oct 2026) in Section 3, “Can False Positives Explain the Low-SNR Excess?”