Intrinsic architectural differences between Kepler singles and multis

Determine whether an intrinsic architectural difference exists between observed Kepler single-transiting and multi-transiting systems in addition to the observational selection effects that explain their differing period and SNR distributions.

Background

The ExoMOD analysis demonstrates that a single underlying planetary population, combined with transit geometry, the finite Kepler observing baseline, and period-dependent detection completeness, can reproduce the longer periods and lower SNRs of cataloged singles. This establishes that observational selection is sufficient to explain the observed differences.

However, sufficiency does not establish uniqueness. The authors explicitly note that their results cannot exclude a genuine intrinsic architectural difference between systems observed as singles and those observed as multis, including differences potentially associated with formation or migration processes. Consequently, whether such an intrinsic difference exists remains unresolved by the analysis.