Hard temporal-negative mining for TEMPS training

Develop and evaluate hard temporal-negative mining for TEMPS training, so that negative examples are near-misses in time rather than randomly sampled temporally unrelated expressions.

Background

The training data-generation pipeline creates four random negative samples for each temporal expression. The paper acknowledges that such negatives may be temporally easy because they can be far from the positive example in time, while the evaluation candidate pools contain fixed benchmark-specific distractors. Constructing near-miss temporal negatives is therefore identified as a concrete unresolved extension for improving the temporal supervision used by TEMPS.

References

Mining hard temporal negatives, where the negative is a near-miss in time rather than a random draw, is a natural extension we leave to future work.

— TEMPS: Temporal Sentence Embeddings for Temporal Information Retrieval  (2609.28048 - Hassani et al., 23 Sep 2026) in Appendix, Section: Dataset Construction Details, subsection: Training Instance Generation