Rotational state (tidal locking or spin–orbit resonance) of Gliese 12 b

Ascertain whether Gliese 12 b is tidally locked to its host star Gliese 12 or resides in a non-synchronous spin–orbit resonance, as this rotational state may influence the planet’s capacity to retain surface water.

Background

The rotational state of close-in terrestrial exoplanets around M dwarfs—whether tidally locked or in a spin–orbit resonance—can significantly affect atmospheric circulation and the potential for water retention and habitability.

For Gliese 12 b, the authors explicitly note that its rotational configuration is unknown, and resolving this will help constrain climate and atmospheric evolution scenarios relevant to liquid water stability on its surface.