Generalizability of AI-driven skill demand effects beyond the United States

Determine the extent to which the associations identified in United States online job vacancy data between AI role postings and changes in demand for complementary and substitutable skills in non-AI roles at occupation, industry, and regional levels generalize to other countries and regions, and characterize any cross-country or regional variations in these labor market outcomes.

Background

The paper analyzes approximately 12 million U.S. online job vacancies (2018–2023) to identify internal and external effects of AI adoption on skill demand and wages. It finds that growth in AI roles is associated with increased demand for complementary skills and decreased demand for substitutable skills, including spillover effects across occupations, industries, and regions. While the paper replicates certain analyses for the UK and Australia, the primary dataset and focus are U.S.-centric.

In the Limitations section, the authors explicitly state that generalizability of the findings to other contexts remains unknown, highlighting the need for further research to assess whether similar dynamics hold across different countries and regional labor markets.