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Long-term outcomes of AI use and adolescent AI dependence

Determine the long-term outcomes of artificial intelligence use, with particular attention to whether adolescents develop AI dependence and how such dependence manifests over time.

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Background

In discussing anticipatory anxiety, the authors note widespread worries about AI, especially among younger users and those with disabilities.

They explicitly identify that the long-term outcomes of AI use remain unknown, citing concerns such as potential AI dependence among teenagers.

References

Whether fully warranted or not, generalized anxiety about unknown long-term outcomes of AI use, such as AI dependence among teens, has been framed as "AI panic" [67].

— Human-AI Interactions: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Impacts (2510.17753 - Riley et al., 20 Oct 2025) in Section II.D.3.a, Emotional Impacts — Negative Emotional Outcomes — Anticipatory anxiety