Extend magic area-law classification to mixed states

Extend the non-stabilizerness area-law versus volume-law classification from pure area-law states to mixed states, including thermal states and noisy ground states, to clarify its relevance for quantum error correction.

Background

The paper establishes its area-law classification for pure quantum states, distinguishing entanglement-dominated states with area-law subsystem non-stabilizerness from magic-dominated states with faster-than-area growth.

The authors explicitly identify extending this classification to mixed states as an open direction. Thermal states and noisy ground states are highlighted as particularly relevant because mixed-state non-stabilizerness may affect quantum error correction and decoding thresholds.