Existence of extremal black holes in nature

Establish whether physically realizable extremal black holes exist in the universe, as opposed to existing only as mathematical solutions of general relativity.

Background

The paper motivates a reassessment of extremal black holes—solutions that sit at the boundary between regular black holes and naked singularities and have vanishing Hawking temperature—by asking whether such objects can exist within realistic, non-supersymmetric low-energy physics.

Despite extensive theoretical study, the authors emphasize that the very existence of extremal black holes in nature is not established, setting the stage for their analysis of discharge mechanisms and astrophysical constraints.