Quantum evaporation rates for Standard Model particles in de Sitter black holes

Compute the quantum evaporation rates for Standard Model fields for both near-extremal Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter and Kerr–de Sitter black holes, incorporating the Bunch–Davies thermal environment and near-horizon Schwarzian corrections, and quantify emission versus absorption across the lukewarm equilibrium line.

Background

The paper develops a quantum evolution framework for near-extremal, small de Sitter black holes using a one-dimensional Schwarzian effective theory at the AdS2 throat, coupled to far-horizon de Sitter quantum fields prepared in the Bunch–Davies vacuum. It computes energy transfer rates for massless, uncharged s-wave scalars and shows significant deviations from Hawking’s semiclassical predictions, including suppressed emission when the black hole is hotter than the cosmological horizon and constant-rate absorption in the colder regime.

Extending these results to realistic particle content requires treating Standard Model degrees of freedom (spin, charge, statistics, and interactions) in the near-extremal Schwarzian framework and properly coupling them to the thermal de Sitter environment. This would provide quantitative predictions for the quantum-corrected evaporation and absorption dynamics of charged and rotating de Sitter black holes beyond the toy scalar model studied here.