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Accurate first‑operational dates of AI supercomputers

Determine accurate first operational dates for AI supercomputers—beyond initial public announcements—by developing verification methods that account for delayed disclosures and pre‑announcement states.

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Background

Trend analyses and top‑10 leadership assessments hinge on precise operational dates. Owners may announce systems after they are online or announce prematurely. Methods to infer true ‘go‑live’ dates would improve the temporal accuracy of trend analyses.

References

We cannot reliably determine when an AI supercomputer was first operational.

— Trends in AI Supercomputers (2504.16026 - Pilz et al., 22 Apr 2025) in Appendix: Limitations — Summary of limitations (We lack data for key properties)