Design energy modulation for practical RF energy conversion

Design broadcast signal waveforms (energy modulation) that maximize energy transfer efficiency to multiple receivers when RF energy conversion efficiency depends on the instantaneous signal amplitude, by formulating and solving waveform optimization under realistic nonlinear energy conversion constraints of practical RF energy harvesting circuits.

Background

The paper’s analysis assumes a constant energy conversion efficiency at the harvesting receiver, independent of instantaneous signal amplitude, for tractability. In practice, RF energy harvesting circuits exhibit amplitude-dependent and nonlinear conversion characteristics, so waveform shape can materially affect harvested energy.

Recognizing this gap, the authors flag as open the problem of designing broadcast signal waveforms—termed energy modulation—to optimize energy transfer efficiency across multiple receivers under realistic conversion constraints.