Can constant-ambiguity CFGs strictly generalize unambiguous CFGs?
Determine whether the class of context-free languages that admit a context-free grammar in which every accepted word has exactly the same number of derivation trees for all words (i.e., constant per‑word ambiguity) strictly contains the class of unambiguous context-free languages; equivalently, show whether there exists an ambiguous context-free language for which each accepted word has exactly c ≥ 2 derivations per word.
References
However, the algorithm as presented could apply to those CFGs in which all accepted words have precisely the same number of derivation trees. We do not know if this strictly generalizes uCFLs: see.
                — On the Complexity of Language Membership for Probabilistic Words
                
                (2510.08127 - Amarilli et al., 9 Oct 2025) in Section 3, CFLs and Unambiguity (Unambiguous CFLs), footnote after Proposition prp:cyk