Dice Question Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com

Existence of finitely presented monoids with minimal relators and undecidable word problem

Construct a finitely presented monoid with two defining relations that has undecidable word problem, and determine whether there exists a finitely presented monoid with a single defining relation that has undecidable word problem.

Information Square Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com

Background

Undecidability results for monoids and groups are classically encoded via rewriting systems. The smallest number of relations necessary to force undecidability in monoids is unknown. These constructions relate to the minimal presentations yielding undecidable word problems in groups via embedding techniques.

References

It seems very plausible, but remains an open problem, that there is a two-relation monoid with undecidable word problem; and recent trends (see e.g.\ ) have indicated that there may even be a one-relation monoid with undecidable word problem.

The theory of one-relator groups: history and recent progress (2501.18306 - Linton et al., 30 Jan 2025) in Subsection 8.3 (Two-relator groups)