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Connection between PER 163 smudge and filament 1

Ascertain whether the 170 kpc eastward "filament 1" detected at 144 MHz is physically connected to the nearby smudge of radio emission and to the cluster member galaxy PER 163, and, if so, characterize the nature of that connection.

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Background

In the mini-halo region, the authors identify a long, narrow radio filament ("filament 1") without a clear optical counterpart. A nearby smudge of radio emission appears associated with the cluster galaxy PER 163, but whether this smudge is part of the filamentary structure remains unresolved.

References

This smudge seems associated with the cluster member galaxy \object{PER\,163} \citep{1978AJ.....83..732S}, with the galaxy being located on the eastern side of the smudge. However, the connection to filament 1 remains unclear.

— LOFAR high-band antenna observations of the Perseus cluster (2410.02863 - Weeren et al., 3 Oct 2024) in Section 3.1 (Extended radio emission)