Conclusive identification of Majorana Zero Modes in 2D superconductor–magnet hybrids

Provide unambiguous, conclusive proof of Majorana Zero Modes in superconductor-based heterostructures incorporating two-dimensional magnetic materials by distinguishing them from Yu–Shiba–Rusinov and Andreev bound states, including through non-local transport and complementary spectroscopic signatures.

Background

Topological superconductivity can arise from combining s-wave superconductivity with spin–orbit coupling and magnetism, potentially hosting Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs) with quantum computing relevance.

Experiments have reported zero-energy in-gap states in superconductor/magnet hybrids, but similar signatures can be produced by YSR states or Andreev bound states; thus, conclusive identification remains a central open goal.

References

Therefore, conclusive proof of the existence of MZMs remains lacking [3].

— Roadmap on Quantum Magnetic Materials  (2412.18020 - Grubišić-Čabo et al., 2024) in Section 3, Status

The search for Majorana bound states (MBS) in various solid-state platforms remains an intriguing long-standing problem and their unambiguous detection is still an open challenge (see, e.g., ).

— Dissipation-induced nonlocal phase-coherent transport in a topological superconductor  (2609.10821 - Aksenov et al., 9 Sep 2026) in Introduction