Conclusive identification of Majorana Zero Modes in 2D superconductor–magnet hybrids

Provide unambiguous, conclusive proof of Majorana Zero Modes in superconductor-based heterostructures incorporating two-dimensional magnetic materials by distinguishing them from Yu–Shiba–Rusinov and Andreev bound states, including through non-local transport and complementary spectroscopic signatures.

Background

Topological superconductivity can arise from combining s-wave superconductivity with spin–orbit coupling and magnetism, potentially hosting Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs) with quantum computing relevance.

Experiments have reported zero-energy in-gap states in superconductor/magnet hybrids, but similar signatures can be produced by YSR states or Andreev bound states; thus, conclusive identification remains a central open goal.