Characterize the dynamical nature of the gas state (chaos) in identical swarmalators

Ascertain the dynamical nature of the gas state in the identical-swarmalator case of the two-dimensional model with higher-order phase coupling, including determining whether the observed irregular dynamics is chaotic and providing an analytical description of these solutions.

Background

Under repulsive higher-order coupling, the identical swarmalator system exhibits a nonstationary gas state with irregular motion and fluctuating order parameters. This state shows clustering and dispersal without settling into a stable configuration.

The authors report that the irregular, potentially chaotic behavior of this gas state could not be fully characterized. A rigorous analysis would clarify its dynamical nature and conditions for chaos.

References

Additionally, in the case of identical swarmalators, the gas state exhibits irregular, potentially chaotic, dynamics that we could not fully characterize. Further investigations are required to clarify the nature of these chaotic solutions.

— A two-dimensional swarmalator model with higher-order interactions (2504.16599 - Anwar et al., 23 Apr 2025) in Discussions