Boundary between factory-based and cultivation-based non-Clifford resource supply

Determine the boundary between continuously operated magic-state factories, cultivation-based preparation, and hybrid non-Clifford resource-supply strategies for surface-code quantum computations as a function of execution demand and available physical resources.

Background

The paper compares continuously operated magic-state factories with cultivation and pre-patch parallel cultivation, emphasizing trade-offs among persistent spatial footprint, preparation latency, postselection overhead, and throughput. The preferred strategy depends on the temporal profile of non-Clifford demand and on the physical resources available to the processor.

Although the framework evaluates representative operating points, it does not establish a universal criterion separating the regimes in which factories, cultivation, or hybrid operation is optimal. Determining such a boundary would enable resource-supply strategies to be selected systematically for new workloads and architectures.