Cross-feeding Creates Tipping Points in Microbiome Diversity (2412.05212v1)

Abstract: A key unresolved question in microbial ecology is how the extraordinary diversity of microbiomes emerges from the behaviour of individual populations. This process is driven by the cross-feeding networks that structure these communities, but are hard to untangle due to their inherent complexity. We address this problem using the tools of network science to develop a model of microbial community structure. We discover tipping points at which diversity abruptly declines due to the catastrophic collapse of cross-feeding networks. Our results are a rare example of an ecological tipping point in diversity and provide insight into the fundamental processes shaping microbiota and their robustness. We illustrate this by showing how the unculturability of microbial diversity emerges as an inherent property of their microbial cross-feeding networks.