Classical optimization with imaginary time block encoding on quantum computers: The MaxCut problem

Abstract: Finding ground state solutions of diagonal Hamiltonians is relevant for both theoretical as well as practical problems of interest in many domains such as finance, physics and computer science. These problems are typically very hard to tackle by classical computing and quantum computing could help in speeding up computations and efficiently tackling larger problems. Here we use imaginary time evolution through a new block encoding scheme to obtain the ground state of such problems and apply our method to MaxCut as an illustration. Our method, which for simplicity we call ITE-BE, requires no variational parameter optimization as all the parameters in the procedure are expressed as analytical functions of the couplings of the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that our method can be successfully combined with other quantum algorithms such as quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). We find that the QAOA ansatz increases the post-selection success of ITE-BE, and shallow QAOA circuits, when boosted with ITE-BE, achieve better performance than deeper QAOA circuits. For the special case of the transverse initial state, we adapt our block encoding scheme to allow for a deterministic application of the first layer of the circuit.