Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Flows

Abstract: For high-fidelity predictions of turbulent flows in complex practical engineering problems, the Wall-Modeled (WM) Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) has aroused great interest. In the present study, we prove that the conventional Wall-Stress Models (WSMs) developed for WMLES of Newtonian fluids fail to predict the shear-thinning-induced drag reduction in power-law fluids. Therefore, we propose novel algebraic, integrated, and Ordinary-Differential-Equation (ODE) WSMs, for the first time, for WMLES of power-law Non-Newtonian (NN) fluids and assess their performance against reference Wall-Resolved (WR) LES solutions. In addition, the effects of the key model parameters, including the WSM type, sampling height, sampling cell, and axial grid resolution are explored, and it is revealed that turbulent NN flow predictions have a much higher sensitivity to the choice of WSM, compared to their Newtonian counterparts. It is manifested that, in contrast to WRLES, accurate modeling of the mean apparent and subgrid-scale NN viscosities in the NNODE model can improve the predictions considerably. Therefore, closures with lower uncertainties on coarse WMLES grids are sought for these terms. Finally, the best performance for the present test cases is obtained via the integrated NN WSM, sampling at the lower edge of the log layer within the third off-the-wall grid cell. Nevertheless, the new NNODE WSM can have an advantage in the presence of non-equilibrium effects in more complex problems.