A polynomial-time algorithm for ground states of spin trees (1907.04862v4)

Abstract: We prove that the ground states of a local Hamiltonian satisfy an area law and can be computed in polynomial time when the interaction graph is a tree with discrete fractal dimension $\beta<2$. This condition is met for generic trees in the plane and for established models of hyperbranched polymers in 3D. This work is the first to prove an area law and exhibit a provably polynomial-time classical algorithm for local Hamiltonian ground states beyond the case of spin chains. Our algorithm outputs the ground state encoded as a multi-scale tensor network on the META-tree, which we introduce as an analogue of Vidal's MERA. Our results hold for polynomially degenerate and frustrated ground states, matching the state of the art for local Hamiltonians on a line.