On binomial coefficients modulo squares of primes
Abstract: We give elementary proofs for the Apagodu-Zeilberger-Stanton-Amdeberhan-Tauraso congruences $$\sum\limits_{n=0}{p-1}\dbinom{2n}{n} \equiv\eta_{p}\mod p{2},$$ $$\sum\limits_{n=0}{rp-1}\dbinom{2n}{n} \equiv\eta_{p}\sum\limits_{n=0}{r-1}\dbinom {2n}{n}\mod p{2}$$ and $$\sum\limits_{n=0}{rp-1}\sum\limits_{m=0}{sp-1}\dbinom{n+m}{m}{2} \equiv\eta_{p} \sum\limits_{m=0}{r-1}\sum\limits_{n=0}{s-1}\dbinom{n+m}{m}2\mod p2,$$ where $p$ is an odd prime, $r$ and $s$ are nonnegative integers, and $\eta_{p}= \begin{cases} 0, &\text{if }p\equiv0\mod 3;\ 1, & \text{if }p\equiv1\mod 3;\ -1, &\text{if }p\equiv2\mod 3 \end{cases}.$$
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