Carter-like constants of motion in the Newtonian and relativistic two-center problems

Abstract: In Newtonian gravity, a stationary axisymmetric system admits a third, Carter-like constant of motion if its mass multipole moments are related to each other in exactly the same manner as for the Kerr black-hole spacetime. The Newtonian source with this property consists of two point masses at rest a fixed distance apart. The integrability of motion about this source was first studied in the 1760s by Euler. We show that the general relativistic analogue of the Euler problem, the Bach-Weyl solution, does not admit a Carter-like constant of motion, first, by showing that it does not possess a non-trivial Killing tensor, and secondly, by showing that the existence of a Carter-like constant for the two-center problem fails at the first post-Newtonian order.