Validity of the rule for causative -(ül) with labile roots

Establish whether the rule that the causative suffix -(ül) in Mapudüngun combines with intransitive verb roots or with the intransitive sense of labile roots holds generally across the lexicon, beyond the single attested example presented.

Background

The study reviews the two causatives of Mapudüngun, -(üm) and -(ül), and examines their interaction with intransitive and labile verb roots. Based on one example with the root yewe- (‘be ashamed’/‘respect’), the author suggests that -(ül) appears with intransitive roots or when a labile root is used in its intransitive sense.

However, the author cautions that the observation is based on a single instance and therefore cannot be taken as a confirmed rule without broader evidence.

References

This example also shows that the causative combines with intransitive roots or with the intransitive sense of labile roots. However, since this is only one example, it cannot be conclusively stated that this rule is confirmed.

— Valency Classification of Mapudungun Verbal Roots. Established by the language's own morphotactics  (2604.00789 - Chandía, 1 Apr 2026) in Section 3.4.1 (Labile Roots and the Causative -(ül))