Unknown orientation (line-of-sight angle) of TNJ1338’s radio jet

Ascertain the angle between the radio jet axis and the observer’s line of sight in the high-redshift radio galaxy TNJ1338-1942 to correct the observed outflow velocities and distances for projection effects, thereby enabling accurate derivation of the true mass, momentum, and kinetic energy fluxes of the ionized outflow.

Background

The authors show that projection effects significantly influence outflow velocity and distance measurements, and therefore the inferred mass outflow rates, momentum fluxes, and kinetic power. These corrections depend on the orientation angle φ between the jet axis and the line of sight.

Because φ is not measured, the paper adopts a median angle (60°) to provide lower-limit estimates and scaling factors. Directly determining φ would remove this source of uncertainty and yield more accurate energetics for the jet-driven outflow.