Establish whether the transient haze-dependent SEP greenhouse channel remains viable

Establish whether transient, haze-dependent solar energetic particle processing can produce a non-negligible greenhouse contribution through atmospheric nitrogen chemistry under early-Earth conditions.

Background

Steady-state, haze-free photochemical–climate calculations cited by the paper find only a very small warming contribution from space-weather-produced greenhouse species. The paper argues that its transient forcing and inclusion of fractal organic haze place the mechanism in a different regime, where ultraviolet shielding could extend the lifetime of particle-produced N2O.

The viability of this proposed channel depends on coupled time-dependent photochemistry, aerosol formation and morphology, N2O photolysis, and radiative transfer. The paper therefore does not resolve whether the channel can make a significant climatic contribution.

References

We therefore read \citet{biasiotti2026} as bounding the haze-free, steady-state $\mathrm{N_2O}$ contribution to near zero, while the transient, haze-dependent channel developed here remains open.

— Coronal Mass Ejections from the Young Sun: Deceleration-Powered Solar Energetic Particles as a Self-Extinguishing Forcing of the Early Earth  (2610.08758 - Panasenco, 6 Oct 2026) in Section 10.2, subsection “Position relative to other FYS resolutions”