Three-dimensional diagnostics of anomalous magnetic-braking behavior

Characterize the relevant three-dimensional diagnostic for residual magnetic-braking dependence not captured by the open-flux magnetization parameter, and determine whether outliers such as the C2_max model form a common group.

Background

The torque-defined effective Alfvén radius generally follows a power-law relation with the open-flux magnetization parameter, but the C2_max simulation is a significant outlier. The authors argue that scalar magnetization cannot fully encode local angular information, field-line alignment, and cancellation across the Alfvén surface. They therefore leave unresolved both the appropriate three-dimensional diagnostic and the prevalence of such outlier solutions.