Test a fully electromagnetic periodic-to-finite extension

Test whether the matched structured–flat periodic subtraction can be extended from electrostatic particle-in-cell calculations to fully electromagnetic coupling while maintaining consistent electric and magnetic fields, radiation leaving the periodic region, and transferred charge and current.

Background

The demonstrated method uses electrostatic particle-in-cell calculations for the near-cathode periodic response and the finite carrier. The authors note that the same subtraction concept could, in principle, be applied to other periodic particle-in-cell models.

A fully electromagnetic implementation would require a consistent handoff of electric and magnetic fields, including radiation escaping the periodic domain, together with consistency between those fields and the charge and current of transferred particles. This extension has not been validated.