Achieve stable mainstream anammox nitrogen removal

Establish stable, highly efficient, and low-carbon nitrogen removal via the anammox process in mainstream wastewater treatment plants.

Background

The paper identifies mainstream deployment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as an important objective for sustainable biological wastewater treatment. Although anammox can reduce the carbon and energy requirements of nitrogen removal, the authors state that achieving stable and efficient operation under mainstream wastewater conditions remains unresolved. This challenge motivates the investigation of sulfide-driven partial denitrification coupled with anammox and the use of BioWater to formulate and test hypotheses concerning process operation.

References

However, achieving stable, highly efficient, low-carbon nitrogen removal via the anammox process in mainstream wastewater treatment plants remains an unresolved challenge.

— Scientific capabilities and deployment sustainability of small-scale LLMs in biological wastewater treatment  (2609.25774 - Xu et al., 22 Sep 2026) in Section 2, subsection “Practical validation as an AI scientific assistant”