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Ascertain whether publishers fail to record or fail to deposit language metadata to Crossref

Ascertain whether publishers either do not record language metadata and multilingual abstracts at source or do not provide these metadata elements when depositing journal-article records to Crossref, and quantify the relative prevalence of each behavior.

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Background

The analysis shows that key language metadata are often missing or contradictory, and that multilingual abstracts may be merged or not fully exposed via the Crossref REST API. Such patterns could reflect gaps in publisher workflows or in the metadata transmitted to Crossref.

To address the uncertainty about provenance and responsibility for metadata completeness, the authors explicitly pose whether publishers are not recording these metadata or not providing them to Crossref.

References

This, in turn, leads to a long series of open questions: Are publishers not recording this metadata themselves or, more likely, not providing this metadata to Crossref?

— Evaluating Multilingual Metadata Quality in Crossref (2503.11853 - II et al., 14 Mar 2025) in Discussion, paragraph beginning “These problems have a compounding effect on one another”