Computation versus relay of prediction errors by layer 5 neurons

Ascertain whether layer 5 pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex actively compute prediction errors locally or primarily relay mismatch signals originating in other cortical or subcortical regions.

Background

Recordings across cortical layers have revealed error-like signals in both superficial (L2/3) and deep (L5) layers, but the functional role of layer 5 remains debated across modalities and paradigms.

Disentangling whether layer 5 neurons compute prediction errors or relay signals from elsewhere would constrain laminar models of predictive processing and inform interpretations of inter-areal communication pathways.