Robustness to Nonidentical Vertex Sets Across Layers

Investigate whether the multi-network histogram and related joint graphon-estimation methods remain valid when the vertex sets are not identical across network layers, including settings with inter-layer edges and supra-adjacency-based grouping.

Background

The proposed framework assumes that all network layers share an identical vertex set, allowing common latent variables and a shared vertex partition for blockmodel approximation. The authors identify relaxing this assumption as a concrete future-work problem. They also note that general multilayer networks may contain edges between vertices in different layers, for which grouping based on a supra-adjacency matrix could potentially capture inter-layer relationships.

References

An area of future work might be to perturb that assumption and assess which methods continue to work. Multilayer networks in general also concern edges between vertices in different layers, so grouping vertices using the supra-adjacency matrix may capture these inter-layer relationships.

Joint Estimation of Sparse Multilayer Networks via Graph Limits  (2608.14536 - Song et al., 14 Aug 2026) in Section Discussion

Our theoretical guarantees are established under the oracle label and do not extend to the label estimated by Algorithm~\ref{alg:multi_nethist_combined_short}. In the single-layer network case, the minimax risk of graphon estimation separates into a nonparametric term and a clustering term of order $\log k/n$ from assigning $n$ vertices to $k$ groups . Within the graphon estimation framework, consistency of joint latent position estimation across multiple networks has only recently begun to be studied. establish consistency in a dense setting with a single common graphon and without a shared node set, and allow for a shared node set via ordinal embedding but likewise assume an aggregated graphon. Our setting is more challenging than theirs, as it allows layers to share a node set while having distinct graphons and sparsity levels that may decay at different orders. Establishing consistency guarantees for the estimated label under this more general setting is an important direction for future work.

Joint Estimation of Sparse Multilayer Networks via Graph Limits  (2608.14536 - Song et al., 14 Aug 2026) in Section Discussion