Initial orbital architectures of hot Jupiters

Determine the initial orbital architectures of the observed hot Jupiters, including their orbital separations and eccentricities before any migration or dynamical evolution.

Background

The paper evaluates whether von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai forcing from the observed stellar companions could have driven high-eccentricity migration. This assessment depends on the planets’ primordial or pre-migration orbits, which are not observationally established. The authors therefore adopt an illustrative assumption that the planets formed at larger separations as cold Jupiters, while noting that the actual initial architectures remain unresolved.