Identify the interaction between context and model independence

Determine the interaction effects between context independence and model independence in LLM verification using a factorial experimental design that independently varies the generator, reviewer model, and review context.

Background

The paper defines context independence as reviewing an artifact without access to the generation conversation and model independence as using a reviewer based on a different model. All cross-model review conditions in the experiment also provide a fresh context, so the study cannot isolate whether the combination of these two dimensions produces synergistic or antagonistic effects beyond their separate contributions.

The authors identify a factorial design that independently varies the generator, reviewer model, and context as the appropriate way to test this unresolved interaction. This would also help disentangle model identity and reviewer capability, which are confounded in the present experiment because each capability tier is represented by only one reviewer model.

References

H4 (Dimension Interaction). The combination of context and model independence exhibits interaction effects (synergistic or antagonistic) beyond the sum of individual effects. This hypothesis is not identifiable in our design, which has no condition with model independence but no context independence; we state it for completeness.

— When Does a Second Model Help? Cross-Model Review in LLM Verification  (2610.01471 - Song, 1 Oct 2026) in Section 4, Hypotheses (H4); Section 10, Limitations—Design; Section 9, Conclusion