Identifying bias mechanisms in Paper Copilot’s ARR self-reported data
Determine whether the upward bias observed in ARR self-reported review score samples collected via Paper Copilot is attributable to survivorship, complainer, or borderliner effects by incorporating decision outcomes (accept/reject) into the dataset and analyzing score distributions conditional on decision status.
References
However, because Paper Copilot does not collect decision outcomes of submissions, we cannot determine whether the observed upward bias reflects the effects of survivors, complainers, or borderliners.
— Survivors, Complainers, and Borderliners: Upward Bias in Online Discussions of Academic Conference Reviews
(2509.16831 - Zhu et al., 20 Sep 2025) in Appendix, Subsection “Additional Results from Paper Copilot”