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Feasibility of AI Replacing Juries in Judicial Proceedings

Determine whether artificial intelligence systems can ever fully replace juries in judicial decision-making, rather than serving solely as assistive or decision-support tools within court processes.

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Background

The paper evaluates argumentation-based explainability for legal AI under European regulatory frameworks and discusses adoption in judicial contexts. Within this discussion, the authors explicitly flag uncertainty about the ultimate role of AI, specifically whether it could replace the jury, highlighting the tension between technical capabilities, explainability, and normative/legal requirements.

This uncertainty frames a critical research question about the limits of AI in adjudicative roles, given the need for transparent, contestable, and legally compliant reasoning that aligns with GDPR and AIA expectations.

References

While it remains uncertain whether AI could ever be able to replace the jury, there is significant potential for AI to assist in the legal domain: with the right approach to explainability, AI can help speeding up the judicial proceedings, improving accuracy and consistency by minimizing human error, reducing costs and lowering administrative burdens.

— Argumentation-Based Explainability for Legal AI: Comparative and Regulatory Perspectives (2510.11079 - Prajescu et al., 13 Oct 2025) in Section 4 (Discussion)