Extend occupancy-domain computation to structured placement, multiplexed coordinates, multicell systems, and formal privacy guarantees

Develop structured rather than uniform burst placement, superposition of several coordinates on one frame, multicell occupancy-domain computation, and formal privacy guarantees for an observable that is anonymous by construction.

Background

The paper introduces occupancy-domain computation (ODC) and balanced occupancy computation (BOC), which estimate nonnegative sums from binary busy/idle resource-element observations rather than received amplitudes or energies. The analysis establishes exact occupancy identities, asymptotic error laws, operating points, finite-frame bounds, scale-adaptive operation, and robustness to heterogeneous detection misses for the basic single-cell setting with random placement.

The authors explicitly identify four directions that remain unresolved: replacing uniform random placement with structured placement; multiplexing several coordinates on one frame; extending the method to multiple cells; and establishing formal privacy guarantees for the anonymous occupancy observable. These directions would broaden the applicability of the proposed computation beyond the analyzed single-sum, single-cell, uniformly randomized framework and would convert the qualitative privacy discussion into a rigorous guarantee.

References

Structured rather than uniform placement, superimposing several coordinates on one frame, the multi-cell case, and formal privacy guarantees for an observable that is anonymous by construction remain open.

Occupancy-Domain Over-the-Air Computation  (2609.11289 - Azimi-Abarghouyi, 10 Sep 2026) in Section Conclusions, Section 6