Extension to anchor-outage conditions

Extend the performance analysis of sensing-assisted OFDM with index modulation and its delay-aided received-signal-strength localisation framework to anchor-outage conditions in which some LED links are unavailable because of blockage or visibility constraints.

Background

The numerical evaluation conditions all experiments on simultaneous visibility of the six LED anchors. This controlled setting avoids confounding the communication and localisation metrics with a variable number of usable links and provides a well-conditioned observation matrix for joint position and receiver-orientation estimation.

The paper does not analyze cases in which some LED anchors are blocked or otherwise unavailable. Such anchor outages could reduce the number of usable links, worsen geometric conditioning, and affect both delay-based multilateration and the received-signal-strength refinement.