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Electrode access to specific interior conduction paths in a low-Rm ferrite cylindrical shell

Determine whether attaching external electrodes to a magnetically permeable, electrically conducting cylindrical shell (with inner radius a > 0, outer radius b, and long axis orthogonal to both Earth's axisymmetric geomagnetic field and the local rotational velocity) can select or access a specific interior conduction path for which the electromotive force is nonzero, rather than yielding only an averaged response over many interior paths due to current distribution in the homogeneous conductor.

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Background

The theoretical analysis identifies closed paths within a magnetically permeable conducting cylindrical shell (with low magnetic Reynolds number Rm < 1 and topology satisfying ∇×(v×B) ≠ 0) along which a nonzero electromotive force should arise when the shell corotates with Earth through its axisymmetric geomagnetic field.

However, in practical measurements the shell is a continuous homogeneous conductor, raising uncertainty about whether external electrode placement can isolate a single interior path versus sampling an aggregate of many paths. The experiments treat the shell as a lumped element by attaching multimeter leads to the ends, sidestepping the unresolved issue of path selectivity.

References

We also noted, however, that it is unclear as a practical matter that attaching electrodes to the exterior of the shell would enable one to select or access any particular path, since the shell is a continuous homogeneous conductor and one expects current to flow over many possible interior paths.

Experimental demonstration of electric power generation from Earth's rotation through its own magnetic field (2503.15790 - Chyba et al., 20 Mar 2025) in Section III (Voltage Generation), paragraph after Eq. (21); p. 013285-5