Radiation-tolerant sensor technology for future hadron-collider trackers

Develop sensor technology with adequate performance and radiation tolerance for next-generation hadron-collider tracking systems operating in radiation environments of up to 10^18 neq/cm^2 and 300 MGy.

Background

Future hadron colliders such as the FCC-hh and SPPC are expected to combine centre-of-mass energies of approximately 100 TeV with pile-up levels of up to 1000. Their tracking systems must provide fine spatial granularity, timing resolutions of approximately 30 ps or better for 4D tracking, and extended forward coverage, while surviving radiation levels one to two orders of magnitude beyond those at the HL-LHC.

The paper identifies a fundamental unresolved technology gap: existing sensor technologies do not simultaneously provide the performance and radiation tolerance required for these environments. It points to 3D sensors, LGADs, and wide-band-gap materials as relevant research and development directions, but does not establish that any of them satisfies the complete requirement.