Atomic-phoneme confusion analysis

Perform confusion analysis at the atomic IPA-segment level for the phoneme-track tokenizers to determine whether the tokenizer-invariant error patterns observed at the whitespace-separated SAMPA-word level persist for individual phonemes.

Background

The paper compares 18 phoneme tokenizers and finds that their dominant substitution patterns are broadly similar when confusion counts are computed over whitespace-separated SAMPA words. However, this analysis does not resolve which individual phonetic segments are confused.

Because the phoneme-track systems emit phoneme sequences, atomic-segment analysis would provide a finer-grained test of whether the acoustic encoder or tokenizer determines the detailed error topology. The paper explicitly leaves this analysis unresolved.

References

Atomic-phoneme confusion analysis is left for future work; we therefore read the present observation as indirect evidence that the encoder determines which errors occur on these data, while the tokenizer modulates how many.

— Phonologically Informed Tokenization for German Speech Recognition: A Cross-Domain Study  (2610.11646 - Witzl et al., 8 Oct 2026) in Section 6.1, Analysis: error patterns are tokenizer-invariant