Clarify the connection between higher-order AC Stark effects and the Sakharov-based framework for chirp asymmetry

Determine the precise theoretical connection between higher-order AC Stark effects in chirped multiphoton processes and the Sakharov-conditions-based framework for chirp asymmetry, by identifying how these higher-order optical contributions map onto and modify the symmetry-breaking parameters and predicted chirp-direction asymmetries in systems such as Hanle–Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency in 87Rb vapor.

Background

Chirp asymmetry in quantum optical systems is interpreted in this work through the lens of broken discrete symmetries and the Sakharov conditions, which predict characteristic dependence of asymmetry on chirp speed and symmetry-breaking parameters.

While two-photon line asymmetries can arise from AC Stark effects and are known to break effective conjugation symmetry at nonzero one-photon detuning, the authors state that the exact way higher-order AC Stark contributions integrate into the Sakharov-based description of chirp asymmetry has not been established. This gap motivates a focused theoretical clarification that would link concrete optical effects to the universal phenomenology explored in the paper.