Instabilities of Gauged Q-Balls (2406.02817v3)

Abstract: We present the first analytical calculation that shows that perturbations with angular dependence can lead to an instability in gauged Q-balls. We find an explicit condition on the parameters for the Q-ball to become unstable. We compare our predictions to the numerical calculation in Kinach et al., and show agreement, including a correct prediction of the instability/stability of the two parameter points analyzed in that paper.