Reaching high fusion gain with grams of spin-polarized fuel

Abstract: Building on recent ignition-access work of Delgado-Aparicio, Ono, and Menard, we show that even a single-use, gram-scale quantity of spin-polarized fuel (SPF) is useful for increasing fusion power and gain in magnetic confinement fusion machines such as tokamaks and stellarators. While fueling a fusion power plant continuously with SPF requires $\sim$kilograms per day, far beyond present capabilities, a single-use short pulse of SPF allows a fusion plasma to cross into a high-gain regime, and stay there, even after switching back to regular unpolarized fuel. With continuous polarized fueling, polarization also makes high-gain plasmas easier to control: a resonant wave that depolarizes the fuel lowers the reactivity quickly, on a much faster timescale than transport. Grams of polarized fuel can therefore improve plasma performance and open a path to scaling SPF sources and usage, from small first experiments to continuous fueling.