The Buchholz Algebra from the Universal Resolvent Algebra--Particle Structure, Gibbs States, and Closed-Path Expansions without Fock Representations

Abstract: We construct the Buchholz algebra without a Fock representation, as the bounded inverse limit of intrinsic particle-cutoff quotients of the gauge-fixed resolvent algebra, with isometric particle-degree coordinates. Its finite matrix corners carry canonical traces, KMS states, and trace-norm product formulas, together with closed-path expansions that lay the groundwork for path-integral representations. The known Fock-space description and a proper quasilocal subalgebra arise as realizations.