Irreducible Weyl Semimetals

Abstract: A key objective in Weyl-semimetal (WSM) research is to identify phases built from minimal configurations of Weyl points (WPs), which provide the simplest settings for investigating the intrinsic physics of chiral topological charges. Pang et al. [Phys. Rev. Res. 8, 033304 (2026)] recently established that crystallographically realizable WSMs can be decomposed into linear combinations of 16 minimal "irreducible Weyl molecules" (IWMs). A fundamental question remains unresolved: which of these non-decomposable configurations can themselves form standalone crystalline phases? Here we introduce irreducible Weyl semimetals (IWSMs), in which two bands crossing near the Fermi level form an elementary symmetry-compatible complex whose complete Weyl-node configuration is charge neutral and crystallographically indivisible. Combining all 1651 magnetic space groups with Weyl-orbit multiplicities and band-compatibility relations, we classify IWSMs formed by crystalline-symmetry-protected twofold WPs. Only ten of the sixteen primitive inventories admit one-copy realizations, comprising four Pair, four Split, and two Mixed charge-node architectures. Remarkably, this classification uncovers five unconventional and previously unrecognized topological phases: the charge-three Pair IWSM {3, -3}; the Split IWSMs {3, -1, -1, -1}, and {4, -1, -1, -1, -1}; and the Mixed IWSMs {3, 1, -2, -2} and {3, 3, -2, -2, -2}. For all ten classes, symmetry-constrained lattice models verify the complete node inventories, Chern charges, and surface chiral-flow incidence. Our results establish crystalline irreducibility as a phase-level organizing principle beyond individual Weyl nodes and provide a symmetry-resolved framework for identifying minimal Weyl complexes in electronic, phononic, and photonic systems.