Unique continuation, nonexistence and bubbling for the critical $p$-Laplace equation in the plane

Abstract: For $1<p<2$ we prove weak and strong unique continuation properties for the solutions to $Δ_pu+f(u)=0$ in a planar domain, with $f$ continuous and such that $|f(s)|\leq C|s|<sup>{p-1}$: a solution vanishing on an open set vanishes identically, and so does a solution vanishing to infinite order at a single point. We can therefore make progress towards a proof of some long-standing nonexistence results available only for $p=2$, such as a celebrated one of Esteban and Lions, establishing here that for the critical $p$-Laplace equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition on a half-plane, there are no nontrivial finite energy solutions. In the plane, unique continuation thus provides the missing ingredient for a generalisation to the $p$-Laplacian operator of a classical result of Struwe on the bubble-profile decomposition of possibly sign-changing Palais-Smale sequences associated to the Brezis-Nirenberg problem, which remains open in dimension $N\geq3$ for $p\neq2$. We obtain a characterisation of their loss of compactness in terms of the finite energy solutions of $Δ_pu+|u|<sup>{p<sup>*-2}u=0$ in $\mathbb R<sup>2$.