Electrochemical Growth of Full Volume Meissner Effect Superconducting BKBO

Abstract: In this work we show the results of electrochemical synthesis of BKBO crystals using three different experimental setup configurations. The setups differ between each other by varying level of control over physical variables and progressing from a two-electrode to a three-electrode configuration using highly oriented platinum counter electrode. By systematic analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility at the superconducting transition of the collected crystals we observe that an order of magnitude sharper superconducting transition is achieved for the most comprehensive three-electrode setup. In addition, the level of chemical substitution can be controlled by the value of the overpotential versus reference electrode. We demonstrate that with this technique a full volume Meissner effect can be achieved with a sharp transition temperature for the superconducting crystal.